Tree roots are a natural part of any landscape, but they can become a serious problem when they invade your home’s sewer system. Tree roots are one of the most common causes of sewer line clogs and can lead to costly damage if not dealt with promptly. Understanding how roots get into your sewer line, what signs to look out for, and what steps to take can help you prevent major plumbing issues in the future.
How Do Tree Roots Get Into Sewer Lines?
While modern sewer lines are designed to be as watertight as possible, older or poorly installed systems are not. This is often the reason why tree roots get into pipes.
Tree roots love moisture and nutrients, and your home’s sewer line is full of both. As trees grow, their roots naturally spread out to find water. Unfortunately, your sewer lines are a prime spot for them to settle in. Even the tiniest cracks or loose joints in your pipes can invite roots to sneak in.
The most common way roots get into pipes is through small openings or weak points in the sewer line. Over time, pipes made of clay, cast iron, or Orangeburg (a type of bituminous fiber pipe) can develop cracks or become misaligned, creating easy entry points for tree roots. Once inside, roots can grow rapidly, feeding off the nitrogen and phosphorus in the decomposing organic matter, clogging the pipes, and causing blockages.
How Fast Do Tree Roots Grow in Sewer Pipes?
When roots enter your sewer line, they usually start as tiny, hair-like strands sneaking through small cracks or joints. They can establish themselves within three months to a year.
Once inside, they absorb water and nutrients, causing them to thicken and spread. Gradually, this growth can lead to complete blockages, resulting in slow drains, sewage backups, and even pipe damage or breakage. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential to prevent root intrusion and mitigate the risk of costly repairs.
5 Signs You Have Tree Roots in Your Sewer Line
Catching tree roots in your sewer line early can save you time, money, and headaches. So, how do you know if those pesky roots are causing trouble? Look for these signs:
1. Slow Drains
Tree roots that infiltrate your sewer line can cause partial blockages. If you notice that multiple drains in your home are draining slowly, especially sinks, bathtubs, or toilets, it may be a sign of tree root obstruction.
2. Sewer Odors
As tree roots absorb water and organic material from your sewer line, they can cause unpleasant odors to back up into your home. If you detect a strong sewer or rotten egg smell coming from your drains, this could indicate a problem with tree roots.
3. Frequent Toilet Backups
Tree roots in the sewer line can disrupt the flow of waste, leading to frequent toilet backups or clogs that cannot be easily resolved with a plunger.
4. Unusual Lawn Growth
If certain areas of your lawn appear greener or more lush than others, especially during dry periods, it could be a sign of a sewer leak caused by tree roots. The roots may pull excess moisture and nutrition from a damaged sewer line, causing vegetation to thrive.
5. Foundation Cracks
In severe cases, tree roots can exert pressure on your home’s foundation as they grow. If you notice cracks or shifts in your foundation, this could be a result of tree roots damaging the sewer line and nearby structures.
How to Determine if You Have Tree Roots in Your Sewer Line
The best way to diagnose tree roots in your sewer line is to have a professional plumber perform a video camera inspection. This involves feeding a small camera through the pipes to visually inspect for any signs of root invasion.
Video inspections are non-invasive and provide a clear 360° view of your pipes, allowing plumbers to pinpoint the location and severity of the root problem.
How to Remove Tree Roots from Sewer Pipes
Once tree roots have invaded your sewer line, there are several methods for removing them. The most appropriate solution depends on the severity of the invasion and the condition of the pipes.
Mechanical Auger (Rooter Machine)
A mechanical auger, commonly known as a rooter machine, is often used to remove tree roots from sewer lines. The machine features a rotating blade that cuts through the roots, clearing the obstruction. While effective for clearing blockages, this method does not prevent future root growth.
Hydro Jetting
Hydro jetting uses high-pressure water to blast away tree roots and other debris from inside the sewer line. This method is more thorough than mechanical augers and can help clean the entire pipe. However, hydro jetting is unsuitable for already weakened or severely damaged pipes.
Chemical Root Killer
Chemical solutions are designed to kill tree roots in sewer lines. These root killers, often containing copper sulfate or foaming herbicides, can prevent regrowth and clear minor root infestations. However, chemical treatments are not permanent and may need to be reapplied periodically.
Pipe Relining
Pipes severely damaged by tree roots may require pipe relining. This process involves inserting a new liner inside the damaged pipe to reinforce it and seal any cracks. Pipe relining is less invasive than traditional pipe replacement and can extend the life of your sewer line.
Pipe Replacement
In extreme cases where the sewer line is beyond repair, complete pipe replacement may be required. This involves excavating the area to remove the damaged pipe and install a new one. While this is the most costly and disruptive option, it is sometimes the only solution for extensive root damage.
Preventing Tree Root Invasion in Sewer Lines
The easiest way to stop tree roots from wrecking your sewer line? Don’t let them in to begin with! Here are a few simple steps to help keep your pipes safe.
Choose Tree Placement Wisely
When planting trees, avoid placing them too close to your sewer line. Large trees with aggressive root systems, such as willow or maple, should be planted far from underground pipes to prevent roots from reaching the sewer line.
Install Root Barriers
Root barriers can be installed around your sewer line to prevent tree roots from encroaching on the pipes. These barriers are usually made from metal or plastic and create a physical block that roots cannot penetrate.
Regular Maintenance and Inspections
Scheduling regular inspections and cleanings of your sewer line can help catch root invasions early. A professional plumber can use a camera inspection to detect small cracks or root growth before they become major problems.
Use Tree-Resistant Pipes
If you are installing new sewer lines or replacing old ones, consider using materials that are resistant to tree roots. While PVC and concrete pipes are not completely resistant to root damage, they are less prone to infiltration than older materials like clay or Orangeburg.
Protect Your Sewer Line from Tree Root Damage
Tree roots can cause damage to your home’s sewer system, leading to clogs, backups, and costly repairs. Understanding how tree roots get into sewer pipes and taking preventive measures can protect your pipes and avoid major plumbing issues.
If you suspect tree roots have invaded your residential or commercial sewer line, address the problem quickly. With the right approach, you can restore your plumbing system and prevent future damage caused by invasive roots.
